Born in Kobe, Japan in 1952, Mitsuhiro Kawata was educated and received M.D. and Ph.D. in Kyoto. Dr. Kawata has been working in the fields of peptides and steroid hormones from molecular to behavioral levels, particularly focused on morphological basis with more than 200 published papers. In Kyoto, New York (Rockefeller University) and Edinburgh (Edinburgh University) Dr. Kawata established quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry by using oligonucleotides (oxytocin and vasopressin) and then switched to steroid hormone receptor dynamism with the use of GFP imaging. Current interest of his team is how sex steroids (estrogen and androgen) work on the sexual dimorphism of the nervous system and how sexual behavior is controlled by these hormones. Since 1990 Dr. Kawata has been the Head of Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine and is now the President of Japanese Association of Anatomists. Dr. Kawata received many awards including Mortyn Jones Lecture Medal from British Society for Neuroendocrinology (2006), International Medal from Society for Endocrinology (2009) and Japan Neuroendocrine Society Award (2013).