Gilles Mithieux is head of a research laboratory of the French “National institute of health and medical research” in Lyon, entitled “Nutrition and the brain”. Gilles Mithieux discovered the role of the intestine as a gluconeogenic organ. Recently, he demonstrated the role of intestinal glucose production as a signal for the brain, able to regulate the sensations of hunger and satiety and whole body insulin sensitivity as well. The research focus now is in the nutritional regulation of intestinal gluconeogenesis by nutrients, especially via their sensing by the gastro-intestinal extrinsic neural system and gut-brain crosstalk.